A potted account of Ross' life

Xrandr 1.2

Since I got my 20" widescreen monitor in the summer, I discovered how bad X's support for resizing displays is. I wanted to have the ability to plug my laptop into the 20" display in the office and expand the desktop to 1680x1050, or remove the 20" display and shrink the desktop back down to the native resolution of 1024x768. It turns out that a number of factors were stopping this, and the only way to do it would have been to restart X. Because of this I ended up using the display at 1024x768 when I did use it, but mostly I stayed on the sofa.

Then I heard about xrandr 1.2, the all-singing all-dancing revision of the X Resize and Rotate extension. Basically, it would solve my problem, and as luck would have it my laptop has an Intel chipset and the people hacking on it work at Intel. Yesterday after lots of poking I finally made it all work for this. This involved a lot of poking and a little black magic.

The first step is getting an X server new enough. First, you'll need to update some X protocol headers. We'll start with the easy ones that have had releases (grab the latest release you can find):

• xproto
• glproto
• inputproto

Then you'll need to update various other bits of X:

• libXi
• libdrm

Once this is done and X still works, it's time to brave the perilous world of git. If you've never used git before, it's quite simple for this. Go to the git browser and find the module you want to check out. Click on it, and you'll see two URLs: you want the anongit one. Do git clone [url], and then if I've specified a branch other than master, cd into the directory and do git checkout [branch]. For example:

git clone git://anongit.freedesktop.org/git/xorg/driver/xf86-video-intel
cd xf86-video-intel
git checkout modesetting

You'll need to grab:

• xorg/proto/x11proto
• xorg/proto/randrproto
• xorg/lib/libXrandr
• xorg/app/xrandr
• xorg/xserver (randr-1.2-for-server-1.2)
• xorg/driver/xf86-video-intel (modesetting)

Build it all in that order. The order is important as if you build the Intel driver against randr 1.0 instead of 1.2, it won't do what you want. By now you should have an X that looks no different. But...

$ xrandr
Screen 0: minimum 320 x 240, current 1024 x 768, maximum 1680 x 1050
VGA disconnected 0mm x 0mm
LVDS connected 1024x768+0+0 246mm x 185mm
   1024x768       50.0 +   60.0*    40.0  
   800x600        60.3  
   640x480        60.0     59.9  
TV disconnected 0mm x 0mm

Now that is clever. Here you can see that I don't have anything connected via VGA, my LVDS (no idea what this stands for, but it means the laptop's panel) has a preferred mode of 1024x768 (thats what the * means), and I have nothing connected to the TV output (because Lenovo didn't wire it up). Now if I plug something into the VGA and run xrandr -s 0 (select default screen size), the external display should power on. Xrandr doesn't try to be too clever, it will leave that to desktop daemons, but by default it will try and make something appear on all of the connected displays. In this case, my 20" TFT gets a clone of my laptop panel, at 1024x768.

That is no good though, I want to turn off the laptop panel (as I'll be shutting the laptop) and switch the external display to 1680x1050. This is where the black magic starts... Currently the Intel driver cannot resize the physical framebuffer in memory after X has started, so it defaults to a framebuffer of 1200x1024 (IIRC). That isn't big enough to hold 1680x1050. Also the Intel driver doesn't detect any modes from the TFT. This may be Dell being stupid, or the EDID parser in the driver being too restrictive, I don't know. Luckily we can still use modelines in xorg.conf so I added this:

Section "Monitor"
        Identifier "Dell TFT"
        # This is a standard modeline for 1680x1050 at 60Hz
        Modeline "1680x1050" 149.00  1680 1760 1944 2280  1050 1050 1052 1089
EndSection
        
Section "Screen"
        Identifier      "Screen"
        Device          "Intel"
        Monitor         "Monitor"
        # This says that when using a monitor on the output called VGA, use the
        # settings in the monitor "Dell TFT"
        Option "monitor-VGA" "Dell TFT"
        DefaultDepth    24
        SubSection "Display"
                Depth 24
                # This tells the screen to allocate a frame buffer up to
                # 1680x1050.
                Virtual 1680 1050
        EndSubSection
EndSection

With this, everything just works. If I xrandr with various displays plugged in I can see what they support and can switch modes. To make everything nice and easy I wrote a small script that I bound to an unused function key:

if xrandr -q | grep -q  "VGA connected"; then
  xrandr --output LVDS --off --output VGA --mode 1680x1050
else
  xrandr --output VGA --off --output LVDS --mode 1024x768
fi

(thanks to Eric for pointing out that I don't need to use the hex values). Simple! As you can see the new xrandr is very powerful. If you want to do Xinerama-style dual screen you can do that too: xrandr 1.2 encompasses that behaviour.

The final thing to point out is how glad I am that GNOME seems to handle the screen resizing like this so nicely already. When the desktop shrinks Metacity moves windows so they are visible, and when the desktop expands the panel applets on the right stay on the right instead of sitting in the middle. The script I run when I change screens does more than I pasted here: it changes the wallpaper to match the aspect ratio, and also changes the fonts.

I hope this has made sense, I know there are a few people out there who were waiting for me to test this before they gave it a go. If anything is too vague, leave a comment and I'll expand it. I should also mention that I've got Ubuntu Edgy packages for everything here in my repository.

NP: Animal Magic, Bonobo

17:50 Tuesday, 06 Feb 2007 [#] [computers] (53 comments)